-
1 longitude
nounlongitude 40° E — 40° östlicher Länge
* * *['loŋɡitju:d](the distance, measured in degrees on the map, that a place is east or west of a standard north-south line, usually that which passes through Greenwich: What is the latitude and longitude of that town?) geographische Länge- academic.ru/43698/longitudinal">longitudinal- longitudinally* * *lon·gi·tude[ˈlɒnʤɪtju:d, AM ˈlɑ:nʤətu:d, -tju:d]\longitude 20 degrees east, latitude 30 degrees north 20 Grad östlicher Länge, 30 Grad nördlicher Breitelines of \longitude Längengrade pl* * *['lɒŋgɪtjuːd]nLänge f* * *L abk1. large2. Latin Lat.4. length L, L.5. longitude L.* * *nounlongitude 40° E — 40° östlicher Länge
* * *n.Länge -n f. -
2 longitude
lon·gi·tude [ʼlɒnʤɪtju:d, Am ʼlɑ:nʤətu:d, -tju:d] nLänge f;\longitude 20 degrees east, latitude 30 degrees north 20 Grad östlicher Länge, 30 Grad nördlicher Breite;lines of \longitude Längengrade mpl -
3 longitude
خَطّ العَرْض \ latitude: one of a set of imaginary lines round the world that are usual on maps to show how far north or south sth. is (see longitude): In northern latitudes, daylight lasts for 20 hours in the summer. parallel: an imaginary line on a map, for describing the position of anything (see latitude): The 49th parallel (of latitude) forms a border between Canada and the USA. -
4 longitude
خَطّ الطُّول \ longitude: one of a set of imaginary lines round the world that are drawn on maps to show how far east or west sth. is (see latitude). -
5 południkow|y
adj. longitudinal, meridional- linie południkowe lines of longitude- w kierunku południkowym longitudinallyThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > południkow|y
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6 line
I
1.
noun1) ((a piece of) thread, cord, rope etc: She hung the washing on the line; a fishing-rod and line.) cuerda, cordel, sedal2) (a long, narrow mark, streak or stripe: She drew straight lines across the page; a dotted/wavy line.) línea3) (outline or shape especially relating to length or direction: The ship had very graceful lines; A dancer uses a mirror to improve his line.) línea4) (a groove on the skin; a wrinkle.) arruga5) (a row or group of objects or persons arranged side by side or one behind the other: The children stood in a line; a line of trees.) fila, hilera6) (a short letter: I'll drop him a line.) cuatro líneas7) (a series or group of persons which come one after the other especially in the same family: a line of kings.) linaje8) (a track or direction: He pointed out the line of the new road; a new line of research.) trazado9) (the railway or a single track of the railway: Passengers must cross the line by the bridge only.) vía10) (a continuous system (especially of pipes, electrical or telephone cables etc) connecting one place with another: a pipeline; a line of communication; All (telephone) lines are engaged.) cable, línea11) (a row of written or printed words: The letter contained only three lines; a poem of sixteen lines.) línea12) (a regular service of ships, aircraft etc: a shipping line.) compañía13) (a group or class (of goods for sale) or a field of activity, interest etc: This has been a very popular new line; Computers are not really my line.) línea, gama14) (an arrangement of troops, especially when ready to fight: fighting in the front line.) línea
2. verb1) (to form lines along: Crowds lined the pavement to see the Queen.) ponerse en fila, hacer cola2) (to mark with lines.) dibujar rayas•- lineage- linear
- lined- liner- lines- linesman
- hard lines!
- in line for
- in
- out of line with
- line up
- read between the lines
II
verb1) (to cover on the inside: She lined the box with newspaper.) llenar, forrar2) (to put a lining in: She lined the dress with silk.) forrar, revestir•- lined- liner- liningline1 n1. línea / raya2. fila / hilera3. tendederoline2 vb1. ponerse en fila2. forrartr[laɪn]1 (in general) línea■ hold the line, please un momento, por favor, no cuelgue2 (drawn on paper) raya4 (row) fila, hilera5 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (queue) cola6 (wrinkle) arruga7 (cord) cuerda, cordel nombre masculino; (fishing) sedal nombre masculino; (wire) cable nombre masculino8 (route) vía■ that's not my line! ¡eso no es especialidad mía!■ what's your line? ¿qué haces?, ¿de qué trabajas?11 slang (of cocaine) raya1 (draw lines on) dibujar rayas en2 (mark with wrinkles) arrugar3 (form rows along) bordear■ the crowds lined the streets to greet the local hero la multitud se alineaba a lo largo de las calles para aclamar al héroe local\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLhard lines! familiar ¡qué mala suerte!in line with figurative use conforme ato be in line for estar a punto de recibirto be on the right lines ir por buen caminoto bring somebody into line familiar pararle los pies a alguiento come to the end of the line llegar al finalto draw the line at something decir basta a algoto drop somebody a line familiar mandar cuatro líneas a alguiento fall into line cerrar filasto know where to draw the line saber decir bastato learn one's lines SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL aprenderse el papelto read between the lines leer entre líneasto stand in line SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL hacer colato step out of line salirse de la fila 2 figurative use saltarse las reglasto take a tough line with somebody tener mano dura con alguiendotted line línea de puntosline drawing dibujo linealline of fire línea de fuegoline of vision campo visualline printer impresora de líneasline spacer interlineador nombre masculino————————tr[laɪn]1 (with material) forrar; (pipes) revestir2 (walls) llenar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto line one's pockets familiar forrarse1) : forrar, cubrirto line a dress: forrar un vestidoto line the walls: cubrir las paredes2) mark: rayar, trazar líneas en3) border: bordear4) align: alinearline vito line up : ponerse in fila, hacer colaline n1) cord, rope: cuerda f2) wire: cable mpower line: cable eléctrico3) : línea f (de teléfono)4) row: fila f, hilera f5) note: nota f, líneas fpldrop me a line: mándame unas líneas6) course: línea fline of inquiry: línea de investigación7) agreement: conformidad fto be in line with: ser conforme ato fall into line: estar de acuerdo8) occupation: ocupación f, rama f, especialidad f9) limit: línea f, límite mdividing line: línea divisoriato draw the line: fijar límites10) service: línea fbus line: línea de autobuses11) mark: línea f, arruga f (de la cara)n.• andana s.f.• cola s.f.• cordel s.m.• fila s.f.• línea (Electrónica) s.f.• línea s.f.• ramo s.m.• raya s.f.• renglón s.m.• retahila s.f.• sarta s.f.• trazo s.m.• verso s.m.v.• aforrar v.• alinear v.• arrugar v.• forrar v.• frisar v.• rayar v.
I laɪn1) ca) (mark, trace) línea f, raya f; ( Math) recta fto draw a line — trazar* una línea
to put o draw a line through something — tachar algo
to be on the line — (colloq) estar* en peligro, peligrar
to lay it on the line — (colloq) no andarse* con rodeos
to lay o put something on the line — (colloq) jugarse* algo; (before n)
line drawing — dibujo m lineal
b) (on face, palm) línea f; ( wrinkle) arruga f2)a) c (boundary, border) línea fthe county/state line — (AmE) (la línea de) la frontera del condado/estado
to draw the line (at something): I don't mind untidiness, but I draw the line at this no me importa el desorden, pero esto es intolerable or esto ya es demasiado; one has to draw the line somewhere — en algún momento hay que decir basta
b) c ( Sport) línea f; (before n)line judge — juez mf de línea
c) c u ( contour) línea f3)a) c u (cable, rope) cuerda f; ( clothes o washing line) cuerda (de tender la ropa); ( fishing line) sedal mpower line — cable m eléctrico
b) c ( Telec) línea fhold the line, please — no cuelgue or (CS tb) no corte, por favor
4) c ( Transp)a) (company, service) línea fshipping line — línea de transportes marítimos, (compañía f) naviera f
5) u ca) (path, direction) línea fit was right in my line of vision — me obstruía la visual; resistance
b) (attitude, policy) postura f, línea fto take a firm/hard line (with somebody/on something) — adoptar una postura or línea firme/dura (con algn/con respecto a algo)
she takes the line that... — su actitud es que...
to toe o (AmE also) hew the line — acatar la disciplina
c) (method, style)line of inquiry — línea f de investigación
I was thinking of something along the lines of... — pensaba en algo del tipo de or por el estilo de...
6) cthey formed a o fell into line behind their teacher — se pusieron en fila detrás del profesor
to wait in line — (AmE) hacer* cola
to get in line — (AmE) ponerse* en la cola
to cut in line — (AmE) colarse* (fam), brincarse* or saltarse la cola (Méx fam)
all/somewhere along the line: she's had bad luck all along the line ha tenido mala suerte desde el principio; we must have made a mistake somewhere along the line debemos de haber cometido un error en algún momento; in line with something: wages haven't risen in line with inflation los sueldos no han aumentado a la par de la inflación; the new measures are in line with government policy las nuevas medidas siguen la línea de la política del gobierno; out of line: that remark was out of line ese comentario estuvo fuera de lugar; their ideas were out of line with mine sus ideas no coincidían con las mías; to step out of line mostrar* disconformidad, desobedecer*; to bring somebody/something into line: he needs to be brought into line hay que llamarlo al orden or (fam) meterlo en vereda; the province was brought into line with the rest of the country la situación de la provincia se equiparó a la del resto del país; to fall in/into line: they had to fall in line with company policy tuvieron que aceptar or acatar la política de la compañía; to keep somebody in line — tener* a algn a raya; see also on line
b) ( series) serie fhe's the latest in a long line of radical leaders — es el último de una larga serie de dirigentes radicales
c) ( succession) línea f7) c ( Mil) línea f8)new line — ( when dictating) punto y aparte
to read between the lines — leer* entre líneas
c) ( note)to drop somebody a line — escribirle* a algn unas líneas
9) ca) ( area of activity)what line are you in? — ¿a qué te dedicas?
in my line of business — en mi trabajo or profesión
b) ( of merchandise) línea f
II
1)a) \<\<skirt/box\>\> forrarb) ( form lining along) cubrir*books lined the walls, the walls were lined with books — las paredes estaban cubiertas de libros
2) ( mark with lines) \<\<paper\>\> rayar3) ( border)•Phrasal Verbs:- line up
I [laɪn]1. N•
to draw a line — trazar una línea•
there's a fine or thin line between genius and madness — la línea que separa la genialidad de la locura es muy sutil•
to put a line through sth — tachar or (LAm) rayar algo•
the Line — (Geog) el ecuador- draw the line at sth- know where to draw the line- draw a line underto be on the line —
his job is on the line — su puesto está en peligro, se expone a perder su puesto
- lay it on the lineto lay or put one's reputation on the line — arriesgar su reputación
to put one's ass on the line — (US) ** jugársela *
2) (=rope) cuerda f; (=fishing line) sedal m; (=clothes line, washing line) cuerda f para tender la ropathey threw a line to the man in the sea — le lanzaron un cable or una cuerda al hombre que estaba en el agua
4) [of print, verse] renglón m, línea f"new line" — (in dictation) "otra línea"
•
drop me a line * — (fig) escríbeme•
to learn one's lines — (Theat) aprenderse el papel- read between the lines5) (=row) hilera f, fila f, línea fline of traffic — fila f or cola f de coches
the traffic stretched for three miles in an unbroken line — había una caravana or cola de coches de tres millas
a line of winning numbers — (in bingo, lottery etc) una línea ganadora
•
to be in line with — estar de acuerdo con, ser conforme a•
to bring sth into line with sth — poner algo de acuerdo con algo•
to be out of line with — no ser conforme conhe was completely out of line to suggest that... * — estaba totalmente fuera de lugar que propusiera que...
- reach or come to the end of the linestep 2., 1)6) (=series) serie fthe latest in a long line of tragedies — la última de una larga serie or lista de tragedias
7) (=lineage) linaje m•
the title is inherited through the male/ female line — el título se hereda por línea paterna/materna•
he comes from a long line of artists — proviene de un extenso linaje de artistas•
the royal line — el linaje real8) (=hierarchy)9) (Mil) línea fthe (battle) lines are drawn — (fig) la guerra está declarada
•
the first line of defence — (lit) la primera línea de retaguardia; (fig) el primer escudo protectorfront 5.•
behind enemy lines — tras las líneas enemigas10) (esp US) (=queue) cola f•
to form a line — hacer una cola•
to get into line — ponerse en la cola or a la cola•
to stand in line — hacer cola11) (=direction) línea fthe main or broad lines — [of story, plan] las líneas maestras
•
along or on the lines of — algo por el estilo desomething along those or the same lines — algo por el estilo
along or on political/racial lines — según criterios políticos/raciales
•
in the line of fire — (Mil) en la línea de fuego12) (Elec) (=wire) cable mto be/come on line — (Comput) estar/entrar en (pleno) funcionamiento
13) (Telec) línea fcan you get me a line to Chicago? — ¿me puede poner con Chicago?
•
it's a very bad line — se oye muy malto keep the lines of communication open with sb — mantener todas las líneas de comunicación abiertas con algn
•
hold the line please — no cuelgue, por favor•
Mr. Smith is on the line (for you) — El Sr. Smith está al teléfono (y quiere hablar con usted)hot 4.•
the lines are open from six o'clock onwards — las líneas están abiertas de seis en adelante14) (=pipe) (for oil, gas) conducto m15) (=shape) (usu pl)the rounded lines of this car — la línea redondeada or el contorno redondeado de este coche
16) (=field, area)what line (of business) are you in? — ¿a qué se dedica?
we're in the same line (of business) — nos dedicamos a lo mismo, trabajamos en el mismo campo
line of research — campo m de investigación
it's not my line — (=speciality) no es de mi especialidad
fishing's more (in) my line — me interesa más la pesca, de pesca sí sé algo
17) (=stance, attitude) actitud f•
to take a strong or firm line on sth — adoptar una actitud firme sobre algoto take the line that... — ser de la opinión que...
what line is the government taking? — ¿cuál es la actitud del gobierno?
to follow or take the line of least resistance — conformarse con la ley del mínimo esfuerzo
- toe the linehard 1., 5)to toe or follow the party line — conformarse a or seguir la línea del partido
18) (Comm) (=product) línea fa new/popular line — una línea nueva/popular
19) (Rail) (=route) línea f; (=track) vía fthe line to Palencia — el ferrocarril de Palencia, la línea de Palencia
•
to cross the line(s) — cruzar la vía•
to leave the line(s) — descarrilar21) (=clue, lead) pista f•
to give sb a line on sth — poner a algn sobre la pista de algothe police have a line on the criminal — la policía anda or está sobre la pista del delincuente
22) (=spiel)- feed sb a line about sthshoot 2., 4)23) (Ind) (=assembly line) línea f24) [of cocaine etc] raya f2.VT (=cross with lines) [+ paper] rayar; [+ field] surcar; [+ face] arrugar3.CPDline dancing N — danza folclórica en que los que bailan forman líneas y filas
line drawing N — dibujo m lineal
line editing N — corrección f por líneas
line fishing N — pesca f con caña
line judge N — (Tennis) juez mf de fondo
line manager N — (Brit) (Ind) jefe(-a) m / f de línea
line printer N — impresora f de línea
- line up
II
[laɪn]VT1) (=put lining in) [+ garment] forrar ( with de); (Tech) revestir ( with de); [+ brakes] guarnecer; [bird] [+ nest] cubrirpocket 1., 1)2) (=border)streets lined with trees — calles fpl bordeadas de árboles
* * *
I [laɪn]1) ca) (mark, trace) línea f, raya f; ( Math) recta fto draw a line — trazar* una línea
to put o draw a line through something — tachar algo
to be on the line — (colloq) estar* en peligro, peligrar
to lay it on the line — (colloq) no andarse* con rodeos
to lay o put something on the line — (colloq) jugarse* algo; (before n)
line drawing — dibujo m lineal
b) (on face, palm) línea f; ( wrinkle) arruga f2)a) c (boundary, border) línea fthe county/state line — (AmE) (la línea de) la frontera del condado/estado
to draw the line (at something): I don't mind untidiness, but I draw the line at this no me importa el desorden, pero esto es intolerable or esto ya es demasiado; one has to draw the line somewhere — en algún momento hay que decir basta
b) c ( Sport) línea f; (before n)line judge — juez mf de línea
c) c u ( contour) línea f3)a) c u (cable, rope) cuerda f; ( clothes o washing line) cuerda (de tender la ropa); ( fishing line) sedal mpower line — cable m eléctrico
b) c ( Telec) línea fhold the line, please — no cuelgue or (CS tb) no corte, por favor
4) c ( Transp)a) (company, service) línea fshipping line — línea de transportes marítimos, (compañía f) naviera f
5) u ca) (path, direction) línea fit was right in my line of vision — me obstruía la visual; resistance
b) (attitude, policy) postura f, línea fto take a firm/hard line (with somebody/on something) — adoptar una postura or línea firme/dura (con algn/con respecto a algo)
she takes the line that... — su actitud es que...
to toe o (AmE also) hew the line — acatar la disciplina
c) (method, style)line of inquiry — línea f de investigación
I was thinking of something along the lines of... — pensaba en algo del tipo de or por el estilo de...
6) cthey formed a o fell into line behind their teacher — se pusieron en fila detrás del profesor
to wait in line — (AmE) hacer* cola
to get in line — (AmE) ponerse* en la cola
to cut in line — (AmE) colarse* (fam), brincarse* or saltarse la cola (Méx fam)
all/somewhere along the line: she's had bad luck all along the line ha tenido mala suerte desde el principio; we must have made a mistake somewhere along the line debemos de haber cometido un error en algún momento; in line with something: wages haven't risen in line with inflation los sueldos no han aumentado a la par de la inflación; the new measures are in line with government policy las nuevas medidas siguen la línea de la política del gobierno; out of line: that remark was out of line ese comentario estuvo fuera de lugar; their ideas were out of line with mine sus ideas no coincidían con las mías; to step out of line mostrar* disconformidad, desobedecer*; to bring somebody/something into line: he needs to be brought into line hay que llamarlo al orden or (fam) meterlo en vereda; the province was brought into line with the rest of the country la situación de la provincia se equiparó a la del resto del país; to fall in/into line: they had to fall in line with company policy tuvieron que aceptar or acatar la política de la compañía; to keep somebody in line — tener* a algn a raya; see also on line
b) ( series) serie fhe's the latest in a long line of radical leaders — es el último de una larga serie de dirigentes radicales
c) ( succession) línea f7) c ( Mil) línea f8)new line — ( when dictating) punto y aparte
to read between the lines — leer* entre líneas
c) ( note)to drop somebody a line — escribirle* a algn unas líneas
9) ca) ( area of activity)what line are you in? — ¿a qué te dedicas?
in my line of business — en mi trabajo or profesión
b) ( of merchandise) línea f
II
1)a) \<\<skirt/box\>\> forrarb) ( form lining along) cubrir*books lined the walls, the walls were lined with books — las paredes estaban cubiertas de libros
2) ( mark with lines) \<\<paper\>\> rayar3) ( border)•Phrasal Verbs:- line up -
7 خط
خَطّ \ band: a line of material that is different from the rest, esp. in colour: A red band was painted round the tin. line: a long thin mark: a pencil line; the white lines on a football field. streak: an irregular thin strip of colour: streaks of red cloud at sunset. stripe: a long narrow band of colour: a flag with green, yellow and blue stripes. trail: a track left by sb. or sth.: The storm left a trail of destruction. The police were on his trail (were following signs, in search of him). \ See Also شريط (شَرِيط)، أَثَر \ خَطّ \ graph: a line drawn on squared paper, to show the change in amount at different times or under different conditions: He drew a graph of the monthly rainfall. \ See Also رَسْم بَيَانِيّ \ خَطّ الاسْتِواء \ equator: an imaginary line around the earth, halfway between its most northern and southern points. \ خَطّ أنابِيب \ pipeline: a large pipe through which liquid or gas is carried for long distances (esp. oil from an oilfield to a port). \ خَطّ قَضيب سِكّة الحديد \ railway, railroad: a track along which trains run: The road crosses the railway (line) by a bridge. \ خَطّ كتَابة باليَد \ handwriting: sb.’s way of writing: I can’t read your handwriting. \ خَطّ مَجْرى التَّفْكير \ line: the course of an idea: a line of thought. \ خَطّ حَديدي جانِبِيّ \ siding: a short piece of railway track beside a main line (for loading goods, etc.). \ خَطّ السَّاحِل \ coastline: a line following the shape of the coast, esp. as seen from the sea. \ خَطّ سَفَر جَوِّي \ airline: air transport system for public use. \ خَطّ سِكَّة الحَديد \ line: a railway track: the main line to London; a branch line. \ خَطّ السَّمْت \ meridian: an imaginary line drawn from the top point of the earth to the bottom, used on maps to show position. \ خَطّ سَيْر \ line: a course; a direction: One road follows the line of the river; the other follows the coastline. path: the line along which sth. moves: the moon’s path round the earth. route: the way that one takes from one place to another: Which is the safest route up the mountain?. \ See Also طريق (طَرِيق) \ خَطّ الطُّول \ longitude: one of a set of imaginary lines round the world that are drawn on maps to show how far east or west sth. is (see latitude). \ خَطّ العَرْض \ latitude: one of a set of imaginary lines round the world that are usual on maps to show how far north or south sth. is (see longitude): In northern latitudes, daylight lasts for 20 hours in the summer. parallel: an imaginary line on a map, for describing the position of anything (see latitude): The 49th parallel (of latitude) forms a border between Canada and the USA. \ خَطّ القِتال \ line: (in war) a row of defended positions: in the front line; behind the enemy lines. \ خَطّ قَصير (عَلامَة وَصْل) (شَرْطَة قصيرة) \ hyphen: (-) that is used for joining two words, as in: blood-red. \ خَطّ قُطْري \ diagonal: (in the direction of) a straight line joining two opposite corners of a square; (of) any straight line which runs in a sloping direction: a cloth with a diagonal pattern. \ خَطّ اليَد \ script: handwriting, not printing. \ خَطّ الدَّرْز \ seam: the line where two edges of cloth or leather meet (and are sewn or stuck together): the seam of one’s trouser leg. \ خَطّ حُدود مَلْعَب (الكُرَة) \ touchline: the line down each side of a football field. \ خُطوطٌ رئيسيَّة \ outline: a statement of the main facts: an outline of English history. \ خَطَأٌ \ amiss: wrong; out of order: There’s something amiss with this telephone. error: mistake. fault: sth. that is wrong; a weakness: The lights have gone out; there must be an electrical fault. mistake: an incorrect act or thought: It was a mistake to lend him money. Your English is full of mistakes. wrong: not right; unjust; against custom; against the law: It is wrong to tell lies or to steal, not correct; mistaken; unsuitable That’s the wrong answer, and the wrong way to do it. She came in the wrong clothes for riding, (a) wrong action, a crime; an injustice If you do no wrong, you will not be punished. \ أَخْطَاء (أَغلاطٌ كِتابيَّة أو مَطبعيَّة) \ errata. -
8 меридиан (рис. 126)
meridian
-, базовый — prime meridian, meridian (passing) through the origin axis z2 lies parallel to the meridian through the origin.
-, базовый географический — geographic prime meridian
-, географический (истинный) — geographical meridian
меридиан, проходящий через географические полюса земли, — the meridians of the earth, which pass through the earth's geographical poles.
-, гринвичский — greenwich meridian
-, истинный (географический, си) — true meridian
-, компасный (ск) (рис. 126) — compass meridian
-, магнитный (см) — magnetic meridian
меридиан, проходящий через магнитные полюса земли, — а meridian which passes through both north and south magnetic poles.
- места (местоположения ла) — position meridian
-, местный — local meridian
-, начальный — prime meridian
меридиан долготы 0град. служащий началом отсчета долготы места. — the meridian of longitude 0°, used as the origin for measurement of longitude.
-, начальный ортодромический (для определения долготы) — prime transverse meridian used to define longitude.
начальный условный — prime grid meridian
-, небесный (астр.) — celestial meridian
a great circle of the celestial sphere, through the celestial pоles and zenith.
-, нулевой — prime meridian
-, нулевой ортодромический — prime transverse meridian
-, опорный — reference meridian
-, ортодромический — transverse meridian
-, ортодромичеекий, начальный — prime transverse meridian
-, ортодромический, нулевой — prime transverse meridian
-, текущий — present meridian
- точки места ла, ортодромический — transverse meridian including aircraft position
-, условно-принятый fictious — meridian
one of a series of great circles or lines used in place of a meridian for certain purposes.
-, условный (cy) — grid meridian
направление, в общем случае не совпадающее с истинным или магнитным меридианом, относительно которого в данном полете измеряется курс самолета, пеленги, путевые углы, направление ветра. условные меридианы на полетной карте параллельны друг другу. — the grid meridians are series of lines, usually straight and parallel, superimposed on a chart to serve as a directional reference for navigation.
-, условный начальный — prime grid meridian
относительно истинного м. — relative /referenced/ to true northРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > меридиан (рис. 126)
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9 координаты
coordinates
-, астрономические — celestial /astronomic/ coordinates
- аэродрома, географические (известные, заданные) — aerodrome reference points the designated geographical location of an aerodrome.
-, базовые — basic coordinates, basic coordinate frames
basic coordinate frames are used to mechanize the inertial navigator.
- в проекции меркатора — mercator coordinates
- визирной оси телескопа (астроориентатора) (в noлe поиска) — coordinates of telescope line of sight (in field of view)
-, выведенные на индикацию — displayed coordinates
-, географические — geographi(cal) coordinates
координаты, определяющие местоположение точки на земле: широта (f) и долгота (l). — coordinates defining a point on the surface of the earth, usually latitude and longitude
-, географические (местоположение ла, определяемое радиотехническими средствами, визуальным или астрономическим наблюдением). — ground /navigational/ position, fix а fix may be obtained by radio, by visual observation, by celestial (astronomical) observation.
- геодезические — geodetic coordinates
-, геоцентрические — geocentric coordinates
-гироплатформы, центр которых связан с ла — aircraft-centered platform сoordinates
- главноортодромические — primary great circle (spherical) coordinates
- декартовы — cartesian coordinates
- жестко связанные с землей — earth axes
система взаимноперпендикулярных осей, с вертикальной осью направленной к центру земли, для определения местоположения ла. — set of mutually perpendicular axes established with the upright axis pointing to the center of the earth, used in describing the position or performance of an aircraft in flight.
- жестко связанные с (гиро)платформой — platform coordinates, coordinates fixed with (stable) platform
- звезды — star coordinates
-, индицируемые — displayed coordinates
-, инерциальные — inertial coordinates
carious acceleration is measured in an inertial coordinate system.
-, инерциальные, с центром связанным с центром земли — earth-centered inertial coordinates
- истинного местоположения самолета, частноортодромические — navigation leg actual aircraft position coordinates
-, картографические (условные) — map-grid coordinates
- касательной (тангенциальной) плоскости — tangent plane coordinates. coordinates parallel to the locally level axes at some destination point.
- контрольного ориентира (ко) — checkpoint coordinates
- места (местоположения) самолета (mс) — aircraft position coordinates
выраженные широтой и долготой. — expessed in latitude and longitude.
- места (местоположения ла), ортодромические — (aircraft) position transversepole spherical coordinates
- места самолета по широте и долготе с точностью до 1/10 градуса (или минуты) — aircraft present position coordinates in latitude and longitude to the nearest tenth of a degree (or an arc minute)
- места самолета, текущие (tkmc) — aircraft present position coordinates, (present) position (pos, p)
- места старта — departure /starting/ point coordinates, initial position coordinates
- места стоянки — ramp position coordinates
- местоположения (инерциальной) системы — (inertial) system position coordinates
-, навигационные — navigation coordinates
-, начальные — initial position coordinates
-, начальные, нормально-ортодромические (на аэродроме в момент начала работы системы координаты места старта). — initial position normal transverse-pole spherical coordinates
-, начальные ортодромические (хо, уо) (места самолета) — initial position transverse-pole spherical coordinates
-, небесные (астрономические) — selestial coordinates
-, неподвижные — fixed coordinates
-, нормально-ортодромические — normal transverse-pole spherical coordinates
-, обобщенные — generalized coordinates
любая система координат, характеризующих состояние рассматриваемой системы. — any set of coordinates specifying the state of the system under consideration.
- оборудования (снаряжения) ла (сидения, гардеробы,туалеты, плоты, жилеты, топливо в баках) — equipment/furnishings and fuel stowage coordinates
-, ортогональные — orthogonal coordinates
-, ортодромические (х, у) — transverse-pole (spherical) coordinates, space polar coordinates
сферическая система координат с произвольным расположением полюса. ортодромическая широта (х) и долгота (у) - координаты точки. — coordinates analogus to geocentriс spherical coordinates except that their poles are deliberatory displaced from the geographic north and south poles.
-, ортодромические, в проекции меркатора (равноугольной цилиндрической проекции) — transverse (-pole) mercator coordinates
- ортодромические, прямоугольные (при счислении пути на условной плоскости земли) — transverse-pole rectangular coordinates on а flat earth, the (grid) north and (grid) east distances travelled, used for dr.
-, относительные — relative coordinates a particle moving in a relative coordinate system.
- полюса ортодромии (ф, l) — transverse-pole coordinates
-, полярные — polar coordinates
- ппм (промежуточного пункта маршрута) — waypoint coordinates
-, пространственные — space coordinates
-, прямоугольные — rectangular coordinates
к. с началом отсчета в центре массы земли с осью yз по оси вращения земли (рис. 111), — with origin at the mass center of tfie earth, whose yз axis lies along the earth's spin axis.
-, прямоугольные, центр которых связан с (ла) — rectangular aircraft-centered navigation coordinates
- равноугольной цилиндрической проекции — transverse (-pole) mercator coordinates
- радиостанции (широта, долгота) — radio station coordinates /locations/ (latitude, longitude)
-, расчетные — computational coordinates a heading reference is required to resolve the velocities into the computational coordinates
- светила, экваториальные — star equatorial coordinates
-, связанные — body axes
система координатных осей, жестко связанная с самолетoм. (рис. 133) — а system of coordinate axes fixed in the aircraft.
- связанные с (гиро)платформой — platform coordinates
-, связанные с центром земли — earth-centered /-fixed/ coordinates
-, скоростные — wind axes
система осей с началом координат в точке, лежащей в пределах фюзеляжа самолета и направлением, определяемым относительно набегающего потока. — а system of coordinate axes with the origin in the aircraft and the direction fixed by that of the relative airflow.
- старта — departure /starting/ point coordinates, initial position coordinates
-, стояночные (ла) — ramp position coordinates
-, сферические (см. долгота (lc), широта (fс) сферические) fc - угол между плоскостью экватора и направлением на данную точку из центра земли. lc - угол между плоскостью начального меридиана и плоскостью меридиана данной точки. — spherical coordinates system of coordinates defining a point on a sphere (spheroid) by its angular distances from а primary great circle and from а reference secondary great circle, as latitude and longitude.
-, сферические, геодезические — geodetic spherical coordinates
сферические координаты перпендикуляра к референцэллипсоиду. — these are spherical coordinates of the normal to the reference ellipsoid.
-, сферические, геоцентрические — geocentric spherical coordinates
these are the spherical coordinates of the radius vector
-, сферические, обобщенные — generalized spherical coordinates
-, сферические, ортодромические — transverse-pole spherical coordinates
- тангенциальной (касательной) плоскости — tangent plane coordinates
применяются при полетах на малые расстояния (несколько сот миль) до одного пункта назначения. — useful for flight operations within а few hundred miles of а single destination.
-, текущие (местоположение ла в данный момент) (тксм) — present position coordinates /data/
- точки (на карте) — coordinates of point
пересечение заданных величин долготы и широты определяет координаты точки. — intersection of the latitude and longitude lines gives соordinates of the point.
- точки старта — departure /starting/ point coordinates, coordinates of departure coordinats
-, условные (картографические) — map-grid coordinats the navigation computer can calculate position in map-grid coordinates.
-, усповные (на карте) — grid directions
-, условные (ортодромические, с произвольным полюсом) — transverse-pole spherical coordinates
-, фактические (места ла) — fix coordinates
- цветности (напр., ано) — illumination chromaticity coordinates
- цели — target position (coordinates)
-, центр которых связан с ла — aircraft /vehicle/-centered navigation coordinates
-, цилиндрические — cylinder /cylindrical/ coordinates
-, цилиндрические, тангенциальные — tangent cylinder coordinates cylinder is tangent to the sphere.
-, частно-ортодромические — navigation leg waypoint coordinates
a navigation leg is defined using waypoints coordinates inserted.
-, экваториальные — equatorial (system) coordinates
a set of celestial coordinates based on celestial equator as the primary great circle.
-, экваториальные, первой и второй звезд (прямое воcхождение) — equatorial (system) coordinates of star 1 and star 2 (right ascension)
-, экваториальные, первой и второй звезд (склонение) — equatorial (system) coordinates of star 1 and star 2 (declination)
мои к... (широты)... (долготы) — my position is...(latitude)... (longitude).
начало к. — origin of coordinates, zero reference point
оси к. — coordinate axes
оси связанной системы к. самолета — body axes
система (осей) к. — coordinate system
скоростная система к. — wind axes
управление относительно трех осей к. — three-axis control
уточнение к. (ла) — precise determination of the aircraft definite fix
вводить к. (в навигационную систему) — enter coordinates
вводить (правильные) к., повторно — reenter (proper) coordinates
корректировать ткмс — update (present) position
корректировать координаты системы — update the system position
наносить к. места (на карту) — plot the position
строить график в к. "х-у" — plot а curve on "х-у" coordinates
уточнять к. (ла) — determine the aircraft definite fix
уточнять (корректировать) к. места — updat position (coordinates)Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > координаты
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10 LL
1) Компьютерная техника: Log Loop2) Медицина: ПП, ППП, позднее падение, показатель позднего падения3) Военный термин: Landline, Latent Lethal Dose, Legislative Liaison, land line, latent lethality, launch and landing, leased line, light line, light lorry, limit load, limiting level, live load, load limit, load list, loudness level, low level, lower limit4) Техника: lead/lag, leaf index, leakage loss, line lattice, linear law, longitude and latitude, low limit5) Сельское хозяйство: liquid limit6) Математика: Log Log, нижний предел (lower limit)7) Юридический термин: Legum Of Laws, laws8) Грубое выражение: Loser Loser9) Сокращение: Late Latin, Long Lines, light lock, limited liability, loft line10) Физиология: Left Leg, Left Lower, Left Lung, Left lateral, Lower Left11) Вычислительная техника: lamp lock, line link, lower level, Long Lines (Telephony)12) Литература: Loquacious Leaders Toastmasters13) Нефть: laterolog, lithology logging14) Холодильная техника: liquid line15) СМИ: Lowercase Local16) Деловая лексика: Large Lot17) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: long-lead items18) Образование: Language And Literacy, Language Learning19) Полимеры: liquid level, Linear Low = Linear Low Density Polyethylene (Лонодонская биржа металлов), линейный полиэтилен низкой плотности20) Программирование: Long List21) Химическое оружие: Lessons Learned22) Нефть и газ: lateral log, low linolenic fatty acid23) Электротехника: light load, load line, lower line, нижняя аварийная граница (заданный параметр состояния датчиков, блокирует рабочую систему)24) Чат: Ladies Love -
11 ll
1) Компьютерная техника: Log Loop2) Медицина: ПП, ППП, позднее падение, показатель позднего падения3) Военный термин: Landline, Latent Lethal Dose, Legislative Liaison, land line, latent lethality, launch and landing, leased line, light line, light lorry, limit load, limiting level, live load, load limit, load list, loudness level, low level, lower limit4) Техника: lead/lag, leaf index, leakage loss, line lattice, linear law, longitude and latitude, low limit5) Сельское хозяйство: liquid limit6) Математика: Log Log, нижний предел (lower limit)7) Юридический термин: Legum Of Laws, laws8) Грубое выражение: Loser Loser9) Сокращение: Late Latin, Long Lines, light lock, limited liability, loft line10) Физиология: Left Leg, Left Lower, Left Lung, Left lateral, Lower Left11) Вычислительная техника: lamp lock, line link, lower level, Long Lines (Telephony)12) Литература: Loquacious Leaders Toastmasters13) Нефть: laterolog, lithology logging14) Холодильная техника: liquid line15) СМИ: Lowercase Local16) Деловая лексика: Large Lot17) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: long-lead items18) Образование: Language And Literacy, Language Learning19) Полимеры: liquid level, Linear Low = Linear Low Density Polyethylene (Лонодонская биржа металлов), линейный полиэтилен низкой плотности20) Программирование: Long List21) Химическое оружие: Lessons Learned22) Нефть и газ: lateral log, low linolenic fatty acid23) Электротехника: light load, load line, lower line, нижняя аварийная граница (заданный параметр состояния датчиков, блокирует рабочую систему)24) Чат: Ladies Love -
12 रेखा _rēkhā
रेखा [लिख्-अच् लस्य]1 A line, streak; मदरेखा, दानरेखा, रागरेखा &c.-2 The measure of a line, small portion, as much as a line; न रेखामात्रमपि व्यतीयुः R.1.17.-3 A row, range, line, series; मुदाश्रु मोक्ष्यसे क्षिप्रं मेघरेखेव वार्षिकी Rām.2.44.27.-4 Delineation, sketch, drawing; लावण्यरेखया किंचिदन्वितम् Ś.6.13.-5 The first or prime meridian of the Indian astronomers drawn from Laṅkā to Meru and passing through Ujjayinī.-6 Fulness, satisfaction.-7 Deceit, fraud.-8 A straight position of all limbs in dancing.-Comp. -अंशः a degree of longi- tude.-अन्तरम् distance east or west from the first meridian, longitude of a place.-आकार a. lineal, formed in lines, striped.-गणितम् geometry.-न्यासः the marking down of lines.-मात्रम् ind. even by a line. -
13 Arnold, John
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 1735/6 Bodmin (?), Cornwall, Englandd. 25 August 1799 Eltham, London, England[br]English clock, watch, and chronometer maker who invented the isochronous helical balance spring and an improved form of detached detent escapement.[br]John Arnold was apprenticed to his father, a watchmaker, and then worked as an itinerant journeyman in the Low Countries and, later, in England. He settled in London in 1762 and rapidly established his reputation at Court by presenting George III with a miniature repeating watch mounted in a ring. He later abandoned the security of the Court for a more precarious living developing his chronometers, with some financial assistance from the Board of Longitude. Symbolically, in 1771 he moved from the vicinity of the Court at St James's to John Adam Street, which was close to the premises of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures \& Commerce.By the time Arnold became interested in chronometry, Harrison had already demonstrated that longitude could be determined by means of a timekeeper, and the need was for a simpler instrument that could be sold at an affordable price for universal use at sea. Le Roy had shown that it was possible to dispense with a remontoire by using a detached escapement with an isochronous balance; Arnold was obviously thinking along the same lines, although he may not have been aware of Le Roy's work. By 1772 Arnold had developed his detached escapement, a pivoted detent which was quite different from that used on the European continent, and three years later he took out a patent for a compensation balance and a helical balance spring (Arnold used the spring in torsion and not in tension as Harrison had done). His compensation balance was similar in principle to that described by Le Roy and used riveted bimetallic strips to alter the radius of gyration of the balance by moving small weights radially. Although the helical balance spring was not completely isochronous it was a great improvement on the spiral spring, and in a later patent (1782) he showed how it could be made more truly isochronous by shaping the ends. In this form it was used universally in marine chronometers.Although Arnold's chronometers performed well, their long-term stability was less satisfactory because of the deterioration of the oil on the pivot of the detent. In his patent of 1782 he eliminated this defect by replacing the pivot with a spring, producing the spring detent escapement. This was also done independendy at about the same time by Berthoud and Earnshaw, although Earnshaw claimed vehemently that Arnold had plagiarized his work. Ironically it was Earnshaw's design that was finally adopted, although he had merely replaced Arnold's pivoted detent with a spring, while Arnold had completely redesigned the escapement. Earnshaw also improved the compensation balance by fusing the steel to the brass to form the bimetallic element, and it was in this form that it began to be used universally for chronometers and high-grade watches.As a result of the efforts of Arnold and Earnshaw, the marine chronometer emerged in what was essentially its final form by the end of the eighteenth century. The standardization of the design in England enabled it to be produced economically; whereas Larcum Kendall was paid £500 to copy Harrison's fourth timekeeper, Arnold was able to sell his chronometers for less than one-fifth of that amount. This combination of price and quality led to Britain's domination of the chronometer market during the nineteenth century.[br]Bibliography30 December 1775, "Timekeepers", British patent no. 1,113.2 May 1782, "A new escapement, and also a balance to compensate the effects arising from heat and cold in pocket chronometers, and for incurving the ends of the helical spring…", British patent no. 1,382.Further ReadingR.T.Gould, 1923, The Marine Chronometer: Its History and Development, London; reprinted 1960, Holland Press (provides an overview).V.Mercer, 1972, John Arnold \& Son Chronometer Makers 1726–1843, London.See also: Phillips, EdouardDV -
14 लम्बन
lambanamfn. hanging down orﾠ causing to hang down (said of Ṡiva) MBh. ;
m. a camp-follower, soldier's boy Hcar. ;
phlegm, the phlegmatic humour L. ;
N. of a son of Jyotish-mat VP. ;
n. hanging down, depending, falling W. ;
a partic. mode of fighting Hariv. ;
the moon's parallax in longitude, the interval of the lines between the earth's centre andﾠ surface Sūryas. Gol.;
a fringe L. ;
a long necklace (depending from the neck to the navel) L. ;
N. of a Varsha in Kuṡa-dvīpa MārkP. ;
- लम्बनविधि
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15 ввод
input
(агрегата, блока, системы, цепи)
кпеммы или другие точки агрегата (блока), на которые подается электрический сигнал (напряжение) или прикладываетея механическое усилие. — terminals ог other places where current, voltage, power or driving force may be applied to а circuit or device.
- (клавиша ввода информпции, инерц. системы) — insert (1)
"-" (клавиша ввода данных) — entry (ent)
"-" (лампа сигнализации ввода информации в нав. сист. "омега") — enter, entry (ent)
- антенны — antenna lead-in
проводник, соединяющий антенну c передатчиком или приемником. — the wire of other conductor connecting the antenna electrically with the transmitting and receiving equipment.
- в эксплуатацию — introduction into service
- гринвичского времени и даты полета — greenwich mean time/date entry
- данных (подача сигналов на вход блока) — data input
- данных (при помощи задающего устройства) — data entry /insertion/ the data entry light illuminates during data insertion.
- данных с помощью наборного поля — data entry /insertion/ from a keyboard
- данных, трехступенчатый — three-step data entry
enter (or insert) the data in a three-step process.
- долготы (в курсовую енотему) — longitude data entry /insertion/
- 3k (заданного курса в пнп) — hdg select
- индикации — data display entry /insertion/
- индикации no кнопке "ввод" — data display insertion /entry/ by pressing the insert /entry/ button
- информации в память вычислителя (клавиша пульта управления и индикации системы "омега") — enter, entry (ent)
- исходного места самолета — initial position entry
- координат исходного места самолета — initial position (coordinate) entry
- координат ппм — waypoint coordinate entry /insertion/
- места самолета (мс) (инерциальная система) — position (pos) insertion
- места самолета (мс) (сист. "омега") — position entry
- начальных координат — initial position insert /insertion/
- нового ппм — new waypoint (wpt) entry /insertion/
- ортодромических координат — transverse (-pole) coordinate entry /insertion/
-, ошибочный (к-л величины на наборном попе) — incorrect /illegal/ entry rotate the selector switch to cancel illegal entry
- параметров ветра в рожимe счисления пути — manual wind entry (when) in dr mode
- параметров, ручной — manual data insert /entry, loading/
- парашюта — parachute deployment
выпуск купола и строп из ранца, — the withdrawal of the canopy and rigging lines from the pack.
- парашютной системы, принудительный — parachute system static (link) deployment
- повторный (данных при помощи клавиш) — reinsert, reentry
- поправок в... — introduction of the correction into...
- программы (в эвм) — program input
- разрешения неопределенности следования (заданному) маршруту, принудительный — manual initiation of lane ambiguity resolution (lar) routine
- режима полета по условным меридианам — grid mode entry
- текущего значения местопопожения (ла) — present position entry (procedure)
- тормозного парашюта — drag parachute deployment
- участка маршрута (клавиша блока управления и индикации системы "омега") — leg chg (navigation leg change)
- фактического путевого угла и путевой скорости — manual tk/gs entry
-· широты (в курсовую систему) — latitude data entry /insertion/
с момента в. в эксплуатацию — since first put /placed/ into service
начинать в. данных с нулей — proceed the data with zeros
прекращать в. данных — cancel data entryРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > ввод
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16 Ramsden, Jesse
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 6 October 1735 (?) Halifax, Yorkshire, Englandd. 5 November 1800 Brighton, Sussex, England[br]English instrument-maker who developed machines for accurately measuring angular and linear scales.[br]Jesse Ramsden was the son of an innkeeper but received a good general education: after attending the free school at Halifax, he was sent at the age of 12 to his uncle for further study, particularly in mathematics. At the age of 16 he was apprenticed to a cloth-worker in Halifax and on completion of the apprenticeship in 1755 he moved to London to work as a clerk in a cloth warehouse. In 1758 he became an apprentice in the workshop of a London mathematical instrument-maker named Burton. He quickly gained the skill, particularly in engraving, and by 1762 he was able to set up on his own account. He married in 1765 or 1766 the youngest daughter of the optician John Dollond FRS (1706– 61) and received a share of Dollond's patent for making achromatic lenses.Ramsden's experience and reputation increased rapidly and he was generally regarded as the leading instrument-maker of his time. He opened a shop in the Haymarket and transferred to Piccadilly in 1775. His staff increased to about sixty workers and apprentices, and by 1789 he had constructed nearly 1,000 sextants as well as theodolites, micrometers, balances, barometers, quadrants and other instruments.One of Ramsden's most important contributions to precision measurement was his development of machines for obtaining accurate division of angular and linear scales. For this work he received a premium from the Commissioners of the Board of Longitude, who published his descriptions of the machines. For the trigonometrical survey of Great Britain, initiated by General William Roy FRS (1726–90) and continued by the Board of Ordnance, Ramsden supplied a 3 ft (91 cm) theodolite and steel measuring chains, and was also engaged to check the glass tubes used to measure the fundamental base line.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1786; Royal Society Copley Medal 1795. Member, Imperial Academy of St Petersburg 1794. Member, Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1793.Bibliography1774, Description of a New Universal Equatorial Instrument, London; repub. 1791. 1777, Description of an Engine for Dividing Mathematical Instruments, London. 1779, Description of an Engine for Dividing Straight Lines on MathematicalInstruments, London.1779, "Description of two new micrometers", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 69:419–31.1782, "A new construction of eyeglasses for such telescopes as may be applied to mathematical instruments", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 73:94–99.Further ReadingR.S.Woodbury, 1961, History of the Lathe to 1850, Cleveland, Ohio; W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (both provide a brief description of Ramsden's dividing machines).RTS -
17 latitude
خَطّ العَرْض \ latitude: one of a set of imaginary lines round the world that are usual on maps to show how far north or south sth. is (see longitude): In northern latitudes, daylight lasts for 20 hours in the summer. parallel: an imaginary line on a map, for describing the position of anything (see latitude): The 49th parallel (of latitude) forms a border between Canada and the USA. -
18 parallel
خَطّ العَرْض \ latitude: one of a set of imaginary lines round the world that are usual on maps to show how far north or south sth. is (see longitude): In northern latitudes, daylight lasts for 20 hours in the summer. parallel: an imaginary line on a map, for describing the position of anything (see latitude): The 49th parallel (of latitude) forms a border between Canada and the USA.
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